[Korea] Hwaseong Fortress in Suwon / Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan [UNESCO World Heritage Site]
Suwon, which was promoted to Dohobu during the reign of King Taejong of the Joseon Dynasty, was one of the four camps of Hansung. Centering on Hanyang, camps were set up in Gwangju, Ganghwa, Suwon, and Kaesong in the east-west, north-south directions to protect the capital, Hanyang. Hwaseong Fortress, which protects the Suwon land, has been listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, increasing its historical value. In addition, various permanent performances are held, and the Suwon Hwaseong Cultural Festival is held every fall to promote Suwon Hwaseong.
Hwaseong Fortress (historic site), built around Paldalsan Mountain (143m), has a total length of 5,700m. Mars is not just a 'star'. Along with its historical meaning, it is an architecturally valuable cultural heritage. The construction of Hwaseong Fortress originated from King Jeongjo's Korean traditional medicine and filial piety. On May 21, 1762, the 38th year of King Yeongjo's reign, Crown Prince Sado died in eight days after being trapped in the middle of the summer due to a party dispute. Prince Sado's son, Jeongjo, was 11 years old at the time. Jeongjo, who succeeded his grandfather King Yeongjo, moved the tomb from Baebongsan Mountain in Yangju (now Jeonnong-dong, Seoul) to Suwon Hwasan Mountain and built the fortress from January 18 to September 20 to comfort his father's late marriage.
Hwaseong Fortress is the most complete form of the Joseon fortress system. It also occupies the most important proportion in the history of the development of Korean fortresses. This castle was built using only the advantages of stone castle and Saturn. The ancestors, who were obsessed with the construction of Hwaseong Fortress, also modeled after Chinese and Western construction techniques to compensate for the weaknesses of the Korean fortress. Matters related to this castle are recorded in detail in the "Hwaseong Sanctuary Uigwe". Dasan Jeong Yak-yong is an indispensable figure in terms of Hwaseong's architecture. Dasan, who was 30 years old at the time, designed a new fortress by referring to 5,000 volumes of "Gogeum Book Collection" imported from China, after reading high-tech books provided in the royal library Gyujanggak. Jeong Yak-yong also devised a crane. Records show that there were 48 facilities in the castle, including the castle gate, but 41 facilities remain, including those currently restored. The buildings 200 years ago, including the treasure Paldalmun Gate, the highest Seojangdae among the facilities surrounding Paldalsan Mountain, Namporu Pavilion built to hide the canvas and shoot at the enemy, and Banghwasuryujeong Pavilion full of the atmosphere of ancestors, are full of Joseon's cultural scent. Hwaseong Fortress was registered as a World Heritage Site along with Changdeokgung Palace at the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Naples, Italy on December 4, 1997.
The founding of Mireuksa Temple, the largest Buddhist temple in Baekje, is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Madong, who became a king after marrying Princess Seonhwa of Silla, or King Mu (the 30th King of Baekje, 600-641), was visiting the place name Buddhist monk of Sajasa Temple in Yonghwasan Mountain (now Mireuksan Mountain) with Princess Seonhwa. At that time, Mireuk Samjon suddenly appeared in the pond, and this led to the establishment of Mireuksa Temple. It is said that Jeon (Geumdang), Tap, and Nangmu (Hwarang) were built for the Three Kingdoms. On the other hand, there is an opinion that the foundation of Mireuksa Temple may have had a political purpose as well as the faith of King Mu and Princess Seonhwa. In other words, it is presumed that Mireuksa Temple was built here in Geumma, the center of Mahan forces, to expand Baekje's national power. It is presumed that the level of various cultures such as architecture and crafts of Baekje was at the highest level to build Mireuksa Temple, the largest temple of Baekje, and the techniques of the Three Kingdoms were gathered at that time, as shown in the records of Samguk Yusa that King Jinpyeong of Silla sent Baekgong. It is clear that Mireuksa Temple was the center of the Mireuksa faith in Baekje Buddhism, and it contrasts with Hwangnyongsa Temple, the largest Buddhist temple in Silla, being the center of Hwaeom Thought. Unlike Hwangnyongsa Temple, which is a three-goldang style, Mireuksa Temple is a three-goldang style garam arrangement.Hwangnyongsa Temple embodies Hwaeom ideology with the king at the peak, and Mireuksa Temple embodies Maitreya ideology in Garam. Mireuksa Temple is based on the belief that it will lead the general public to the Yonghwa world.
2. Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan
* Another relic of Mireuksa Temple Site, the Stone Pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site and Dangganjiji *
There are two relics in Mireuksa Temple Site, adding to the attractions. One is the stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site, and the other is the Dangganjiji of Mireuksa Temple Site. The stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site is a national treasure and is currently 14.24m high and is the best and largest stone pagoda in Korea. The stone pagoda is almost collapsed, leaving only the sixth floor at the corner of the northeast, but it is originally estimated to be the ninth floor. The stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site was found to be a stone pagoda, not a wooden pagoda, according to a survey by the Mahan Baekje Cultural Institute of Wonkwang University between 1974 and 1975. The pagoda was then identified as nine stories by excavation and restored to nine stories (27.67m high) in 1993. The reason why this stone pagoda is regarded as the best stone pagoda in Korea is that the style of this pagoda faithfully reproduced the angular style of the wooden pagoda, which was popular before that, using stones instead of wood. Party leadership is the left side of the party to support party leadership.It refers to a pillar built on the right, that is, a pillar. The flagpole supports of Mireuksa Temple Site are a treasure, 395cm high, and are believed to have been built before the middle of the Unified Silla Period. On the south side of the stone pagoda of Mireuksa Temple Site, two pillars face east to west with a distance of about 90m from east to west.